Retailers often fail to distinguish between wood putty and wood filler, but there's a big difference.
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Various types of varnish and lacquer have been around at least since the time of the ancient Egyptians, so it’s fair to suppose that craftspeople through the ages have mixed the same natural hardening resins found in varnish and lacquer with wood dust, limestone or whatever else they had on hand to make wood filler.
Contemporary woodworkers are also familiar with wood putty which, unlike wood filler, is almost always made from synthetic chemicals. However, many modern wood fillers are also synthetic. This blurs the line between putty and filler, making the decision about which to use for a particular purpose a little complicated. Epoxy wood fillers, which combine the characteristics of putty and filler, blur the line even more.
And on top of all that, you can’t count on manufacturers or retailers to help you decide which product to use because they don’t always make a clear distinction between wood filler and wood putty. Let’s clear up the confusion right now: Wood fillers can be sanded and stained and are best used on unfinished woodwork. Wood putty is best for repairing cracks and small holes on finished woodwork.
Wood filler is a suspension of a sandable material in a solution of hardening resin that has the ability to soak into wood fibers and bond with them. An example the ancients may have used — and one still used by woodworkers today — is a mixture of wood dust (cellulose) and lacquer, varnish or glue. Some contemporary products, such as DAP’s Plastic Wood All Purpose Wood Filler, combine wood fibers with a solvent-based hardening resin while others combine gypsum, limestone or attapulgite (a fibrous clay mineral) in a solvent- or water-based hardening resin.
Wood fillers have three defining characteristics: They harden as they cure, they are sandable and they are stainable. Most wood fillers are uniformly sandable, but stainability varies. Fillers that contain real wood fibers tend to stain better than those high in mineral content, but most fillers are porous enough to allow at least some stain to penetrate.
Wood grain filler is a spreadable type of wood filler that you can use to fill the grain of flat interior surfaces, such as tabletops and countertops. You typically spread it with a putty knife and sand it flat before applying the finish.
When To Use Wood Filler
Traditional one-part wood filler is great for patching interior woodwork before staining and finishing. You can use it to:
Fill nicks, scratches and gouges in unfinished furniture.
Fill gouges and holes in wood flooring. You can even use a wood filler, such as Pro Finisher, to fill gaps between flooring boards when refinishing a hardwood floor.
Mold and shape damaged edges on tabletops, countertops and shelves.
One-part wood fillers are generally recommended only for interior use, but two-part fillers, such as Minwax High Performance Wood Filler, include a hardener that turns the filler into a rock-hard substance suitable for drilling and holding screws. Two-part fillers work both indoors and outdoors and are closely related to wood putty because they are dense, non-porous and generally aren’t stainable, although they are sandable.
What Is Wood Putty?
Wood putty is denser than wood filler, and it’s so pliable you typically have to apply it with a putty knife. Like window glazing or plumber’s putty, wood putty is a mixture of plastic and oil-based solvents. Because it doesn’t harden like wood filler, wood putty won’t shrink or crack, but you can’t sand it. You can’t stain it either, although many types of putty, such as the those in the Coconix Floor and Furniture Repair Kit, are colorized to match various wood tones, so staining is unnecessary.
Wood putty is intended for covering nail holes and repairing holes, gouges and nicks on finished surfaces. If you want to hide a scratch on a dining room table, for example, you would reach for wood putty rather than wood filler. Putty sticks, such as Guardsman Wood Repair Filler Sticks, make repairs on finished furniture easy.
When To Use Wood Putty
Wood putty has both exterior and interior applications. You can use it to:
Fill dents, cracks and small holes in finished furniture, flooring and interior woodwork.
Fill gouges and cracks in exterior woodwork. When used this way, it usually has to be painted.
Repair cracks in decking boards. Two-part wood filler, which is a type of hardening putty, is best for this because it bonds with the wood and prevents cracks from spreading.
Wood filler is intended for filling gaps, holes, and cracks in wood that is yet to be finished, and can be sanded and stained after it hardens. Wood putty is intended for filling minor gaps, holes, and cracks in wood items that are already finished and can't be sanded or stained.
Let's clear up the confusion right now: Wood fillers can be sanded and stained and are best used on unfinished woodwork.Wood putty is best for repairing cracks and small holes on finished woodwork.
However, if you plan to leave the piece of wood natural and just apply a clear coat, you can tint wood filler with a wood dye to match that natural color. Since wood filler dries hard and doesn't flex with the expansion and contraction of wood during temperature changes, it isn't suitable for exterior applications.
2 Part High Performance Wood Filler is a fast-drying exterior and interior wood filler. The 2 Part Wood Filler is easy to mix and apply and is completely weatherproof. Once mixed, the filler sets hard to a shatterproof finish in approximately 30 minutes and may be drilled, carved or planed once dry.
The chemical composition of wood putty results in a longer drying time. Nitrocellulose-based putty takes approximately 10 minutes to harden.On the other hand, water-based wood putty takes up to 24 hours to dry while oil-based products require up to 48 hours.
Filling gaps with wood putty is a quick and easy method that works on small, relatively stable gaps. However, there's a good chance the gaps will open up again during the dry season, and they may crack inconsistently.
The maximum width that wood filler will fill is 10mm. Bigger holes and gaps can be filled, but the bigger it gets, the more likely it will fall out. The hole can be filled using resin mixed with sawdust from the floor, resulting in a much better colour match.
After approximately 20 minutes, the repair should be hard enough to be carved and shaped using a sharp modeling knife. Wait at least 30 minutes to sand, plane, or file. NOTE: Once Minwax® High Performance Wood Filler has hardened, then it can be painted or stained.
If you're repairing rotten wood, remove any soft wood and treat it with Ronseal Wood Hardener. This will help the filler to stick and the repair to last.
Interior/Exterior Wood Filler can be sanded, stained, painted, varnished, drilled, nailed and screwed. It will not shrink or crack up to an 18 mm (3/4”) application.
Temperatures must be above freezing, or the putty won't dry. While applying the putty in temperatures lower than 50°F is not advisable due to prolonged drying times, it is still feasible if the temperature remains above freezing.
Wood filler is intended for filling gaps, holes, and cracks in wood that is yet to be finished, and can be sanded and stained after it hardens. Wood putty is intended for filling minor gaps, holes, and cracks in wood items that are already finished and can't be sanded or stained.
Should I use wood filler before or after sanding? Before applying the wood filler you can sand away any sharp or jagged edges until smooth. After the wood filler has completely hardened, sand over the area until it is flush with the wood surface.
In scenarios where the screw is expected to bear minimal weight, utilizing a screwable wood filler may suffice, regardless of whether it is an epoxy-based compound or a water-based variant. However, the scenario shifts dramatically when the filler is anticipated to support a substantial load.
Well, that's up to you and your project. Wood filler costs much more than joint compound and took about the same level of effort to apply as the mud. It also didn't shrink, took only one coat, and it dried super fast. If I were filling the grain in a piece of furniture, I'd probably reach for the wood filler.
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